Forensic toxicology holds a crucial role in criminal investigations. These skilled professionals examine bodily fluids and tissues to identify the presence of harmful substances. Their expertise can help establish the cause of death, provide insight potential foul play, and ultimately support law enforcement in bringing to justice complex cases. A

Before contemporary methods of organizing elements, scientists faced challenges in the known elements. One early attempt was made by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a German chemist who recognized a striking pattern among certain groups of chemicals. He proposed that three elements with similar properties could be grouped together as triads, forming t